Modeling Clouds


Sang Yoon Lee's multiple scattering research

Sang Yoon Lee, one of my grad students here at GWU, and I have been working on clouds, in collaboration with Nelson Max of Lawrence Livermore National Labs. Our goal is to combine realistic geometric models with a radiosity solution for the illumination. I've done the geometric models (with adaptive levl of detail), and Sang has reimplemented Nelson's scheme for anisotropic, high-albedo multiple scattering, and combined it with my model(s). The Holy Grail we seek is a back-lit cumulus cloud, replete with crepuscular rays (sunbeams). As you can see, we're within spittin' distance now...

A technical sketch submitted to SIGGRAPH 98.

Below is some of my earlier work that lead up to Sang's advanced images.


Low fractal dimension Higher fractal dimension

The images above are tests of a little program I wrote that ray-marches a self-shadowing hypertexture with adaptive level of detail (of fractal dimensions ~2.3 and ~2.6). Holly is going to add a Monte Carlo radiosity solution to this model. But I was pleasantly surprised at how nice this no-scattering model looks by itself, so I thought I'd put it out here for all to see.

It took about 15 minutes to render at 512x410 on a 150 MHz R4400 Indy. These images were done so that Holly and I would have something new to show at SIGGRAPH 95...

For kicks, you might try to fuse the stereo pair below. Here at home, I can stick my nose right up to the screen, concentrate the gaze of each eye on a certain feature, and draw slowly back to get an in-focus stereo view. It'll only work, methinks, if the pair comes up on your screen with a separation about the same as that between your eyes. (Works at this resolution on my monitor!)

Stereo pair of a 3-D cloud.


"A week went by, and now it's" ... January (to paraphrase the late F. Zappa). Below are some prelimiary attempts to get the same cloud to be shaped more like a cumulus cloud -- with billows and all. It's a little too much like a cotton ball at this time; needs more work. But note the spiffy self-shadowing, visible particularly on the second of the images below.

High transparency; low fractal dim. Medium transparency


And now, something I've been wanting to do for years: A mountain sticking up through a cloud. I've made a high-res stero pair of this image; it isn't as great as I'd hoped it'd be... :-( The mountain and clouds are QAEB traced.

Mountain casting shadows into clouds

And another low-res stero pair. Not a particularly good one, but it does have some depth.

A stereo pair of the mountain and cloud


Finally, by request from my "friend" Geoff Wyvill (aka "The Greater of Two Weevils") a stereo pair of a prototypic pyroclastic cloud model. This was work I did at Digital Domain for the film "Dante's Peak." (See the animation for kicks.)

Left image. Right image.